I think the first question which must be answered clearly while starting teaching artificial intelligence and machine learning should be about the difference between them.
AI - Artificial Intelligence is a comprehensive concept that stating that the computers can learn, think and decide what they should do by themselves in every situation. However, fully AI concept is not possible at the moment as various operations such as image recognition, playing a game, creative thinking etc. require different algorithms which are striving to solve specific problems and tasks.
ML - Machine Learning is the specific application of AI, which is mostly relying on learning based on historical data to analyze future data and decide using these analyzes. It can be categorized into supervised and unsupervised learning. Former one utilizes the labelled data to train the machine learning core (brain) and the latter one uses an agent in order to solve the problems. Machine learning algorithms are generally trained in order to solve one or a few specific problems, consequently, they cannot find answers to every question or problem that you may ask or have.
More information can be found on the following links with some examples: